Kalwaryjskie drogi pielgrzymkowe"ogrodami modlitwy" (na przykładzie "Dróżek" Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej)

The Natural Beauty of the Pilgrims' Paths at Kalwaria Zebrzydowska

Summary: The Calvary foundations established throughout Europe from the 15th to 19th centuries for the purpose of religious worship were intended as symbolic spatial representations, within the local natural environments characteristic of Europe, of the Jerusalem scenes from the Life and Passion of Christ. Both in Poland and in the other European countries where they could be found, through their primary religious objective the Calvaries developed a special type of composition which may be regarded as belonging to the horticultural works of art. In the formal sense the Calvaries belong to the park type of garden; however they do not fully observe the rules pertaining to the official art of the landscape garden. From among the arboraceous garden forms, the Calvaries tended to show a preference for layouts following a specific formal pattern with a preponderance of drives and paths. This was in line with their overriding religious purpose as places for prayer. Their entire compositions would assume the form of looselyknit landscape parks in the 'great style', carrying an abundance of religious and symbolic meanings encoded in absolutely all the components of the composition: vegetation types, territorial forms, architecture, and small architecture. As complete entities, the Calvaries are 'zones of the sacred': gardens designed for prayer, natural churches which should be accorded full protection as places of Catholic worship.

Peregrinus Cracoviensis, 1995, z.2, s. 39-57.

Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej UJ

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